Mental Health Issues Like Depression - 852 Words

Udisa Chowdhury Mental health issues like depression, anxiety, eating disorders, and substance abuse mostly start in adolescence, â€Å"an estimated one in five adolescents has a diagnosable disorder† (Murphey, 2013; ) then peak in late adolescence which most people would define as young adulthood. As someone who have gone through depression for a little time, I received help as I attend a college which offers out of charge short term service to such students but not every young adult in the USA is in my position, mostly those who are growing up (or grew up) in low income neighborhoods, are homeless, or do not possess a high school diploma. For young people who are not supported by their parents, and do not have a steady job or stable paychecks- getting help can be tough. A popular provision of the Affordable Care Act that became effective in 2010 aimed to make it easier for young adults to get access to health care by allowing them to stay on their parents’ insurance u ntil they turn 26, â€Å"even if they re married, financially independent and no longer live with their parents.†(NPR, 2013) Now, one might think that this might have helped more young adults to get help with mental health issues; but, the answer is not so obvious. According to National Institute for Mental Health, approximately 30 percent of young adults with mental health issues said that they were getting treatment and â€Å"60 percent of those with a mental disorder got no treatment at all.† (Asher, 2010) And, thatShow MoreRelatedMental Health Issues Like Depression Essay1912 Words   |  8 Pagesself-care, to subjection to abuse from rough treatment inflicted by others. Regardless of how harm manifests the consequences are limitless damage to individual’s overall wellbeing, from possible mental health issues like depression through loss of self-esteem, to stress and exasperate existing health complaints, such as heart problems (Crossby et al, 2007). With the difficulties of advancing age plus the explosion in life expectancy, it is reasonable to assume older individuals form a significantRead MoreDistribution of Depression Amongst Young Australians Essay1547 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Depression is a mental disorder in which a patient might feel intense, prolonged, negative emotions (Beyond Blue, 2014). This can have severe impact on a persons mental and physical health, thus affecting a persons quality of life. Severe cases can even lead to suicide. It is estimated that one in six Australians will experience depression in their lifetime (Beyond Blue, 2014). The burden of disease gives an indication of of the loss of health and well being of Australians due toRead MoreSummarise and Discuss the Presentations of Mental Health in the Two Newspaper Articles Given in Appendix 1.1704 Words   |  7 Pagespresentations of mental health in the two newspaper articles given in Appendix 1. In this essay, I will summarise how both newspaper articles in Appendix 1 present mental health. I will also compare and contrast the articles with each other, as well as compare them to what I know about mental health and the history behind it including psychopharmaceuticals and psychotherapies. The first article, titled ‘six in ten of us have faced mental issues such as stress or depression’, focuses on the amountRead MorePhysical And Mental Health : An Essential Part Of A Person s Overall Health1262 Words   |  6 Pagespeople globally with problems and issues in life. Some people develop particular emotional and mental health problems such as schizophrenia and depression, and that leads to the loss of productivity and efficiency of daily life. With the help of psychologist, people can improve their mental health conditions that will benefit the occupation of the individual and their personal life issues. By providing care and therapy, psychologists ensure that people with mental illnesses can cope with daily lifeRead MoreEssay about Depression in Women706 Words   |  3 PagesWomen experience depression at twice the rate of men. Gender differences emerge first at puberty and occur mainly in the common mental disorders such as depression, anxiety among other s. These disorders, in which women predominate, affect approximately 1 in 3 people. The frequency of major depression in adults is estimated to be 7 to 12 percent in men and 20 to 25 percent in women in a community and this constitutes a serious public health problem (NIMH, 2006). Several and variable factors in womenRead MoreDepression And Childhood Depression1157 Words   |  5 Pagesmost common mental illnesses, depression controls the lives of individuals all over the world. Whereas many would assume that only adults and teenagers suffer from depression, that is entirely false. Children are often told they are too sensitive when it comes to feeling depressed, which results in them suppressing their true feelings. Due to the fact that children are not taken seriously and lack the help they need, their mental health does not heal, which can result in other mental illnesses orRead MoreThe Depression Of Older Adult Depression1667 Words   |  7 PagesAs the number of the older adults is increasing so are those living with depression; therefore, it is important that perceptions around older adult depression be studied. According to the study done by the US Department of Commerce, it is estimated that the older adult population will more than likely double by 2050 and of 80 million and many as 1 in 5 Americans would be considered as an older adult (US Department of Commerce, 1995). There are many losses that accompany the aging process. These includeRead MoreBullying Is The Third Leading Death Cause For Young People1256 Words   |  6 PagesINTRODUCTION Bullying is defined as a physical or mental victimization of a person by another person or group. Bullying is a major problem among teens in the United States today. During the 2007 -2008 school year over thirty-two percent of the nation’s students had reported a case of being harassed or abused by a fellow peer. Bullying causes a rapid declination is the victim s mental health. They suffer drastic, and dangerous behavior changes, mental issues that are similar to these could result in physicalRead MoreStigma Surrounding Mental Health Disorders1059 Words   |  5 PagesThe Stigma Surrounding Mental Health Disorders Mental health disorders affect just about every single person in the world. These disorders come in many forms and severities. A couple of these disorders are depression, anxiety, eating disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder, and many more. In the United States alone 43.8 million, 1 in 5, adults suffer from a form of a mental health disorder. About 21.4%, or 1 in 5 juveniles ages 13-18, suffer from mental health disorders. Of people in our countryRead MoreMental Health And The Southeast Asian Community906 Words   |  4 PagesResearch Issue The research problem I am interested in studying is mental health in Southeast Asian Community. Growing up, my mother suffered from major depression and younger brother with bipolar disorder. However, my parents would not acknowledge and does not believe that talking to medical professional with help them. My brother joined a gang and was getting involved in criminal activities in middle school. He went to juvenile hall to group homes, prison and then moved to Minnesota to live with

During adolescents, there is an increased vulnerability...

During adolescents, there is an increased vulnerability for depression due to biological, cognitive, and socio-environmental changes. For this paper, I will be discussing Scarlet, a 16 year old Hispanic female whose parents have divorced two years ago, and because of that Scarlet has been displaying symptoms of Persistent Depressive Disorder and Oppositional and Defiant Disorder. This paper will review literature which supports Cognitive Behavioral Therapy as being an effective form of treatment for depression with adolescents. I will also review literature which supports Family Therapy as being an effective treatment for adolescents with parent-child relational problems. I will also discuss any issues related to culture,†¦show more content†¦Depression can affect many areas of a young person’s life developmentally whether its academics, cognitive, social, or family functioning. Cognitive behavioral therapy has been used as an effective form of treatment for depres sion in adolescents. Cognitive behavioral therapy is an evidenced based approach used to treat a variety of mental health disorders in younger people such as anxiety, ODD, ADHD, and a range of other negative behaviors. According to Radke, Sakow, and Zack (2012), CBT is directive, structured, time-limited, problem-focused and goal-oriented. CBT works on a lot of collaboration with the client during weekly sessions that can total up to twenty sessions, but could be more given the severity of the symptoms the client is experiencing. CBT interventions used usually include psychoeducation which is educating the client and families about their diagnosis as well as helping them understand the connection between their thoughts, feelings and behaviors. To me I think this is the foundation of CBT, and I think Scarlet and her family could certainly benefit from psychoeducation as the first step toward restoring social functioning. Mood monitoring is also another intervention used during CBT . For example giving Scarlet a checklist to rate her mood on a scale of 1 to 10 before and after a session could be a good intervention. Even giving her a journal to link her mood and her thoughts in order to track what mightShow MoreRelatedDepression As A Transient Phase Of Adolescence Essay1495 Words   |  6 Pagescharacterized by many changes that range from biological changes associated with puberty to social and psychological changes associated with awareness of sexuality26. The adolescent period is one of sensitivity which requires adequate and sufficient monitoring from parents and other care-givers 27. Depression is the commonest emotional problem experienced by adolescents28. It is no longer thought to be a transient phase of normal development. This notion of depression being a transient phase of adolescenceRead MoreGender Differences in Depression3018 Words   |  13 PagesCURRENT DIRECTIONS IN PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 173 Gender Differences in Depression Susan Nolen-Hoeksema1 Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan Abstract From early adolescence through adulthood, women are twice as likely as men to experience depression. Many different explanations for this gender difference in depression have been offered, but none seems to fully explain it. Recent research has focused on gender differences in stress responses, and in exposureRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?1197 Words   |  5 Pagesin the state of Arkansas will be more of a serious problem for the adolescents and the younger population. This age is critical for this population cause of the influences, such as fitting in, peer pressure, and increase in wanting to try new things. Most importantly, the mental health professionals are concerned about the effects it has on the populations, especially the adolescents or young adults. According to Evans, â€Å"adolescents are particularly vulnerable to harm, given the effects of cannabisRead MoreThe Effects Of Sleep On The Human Body And Mind Requires A Regulated Sleep And Wake Cycle1729 Wor ds   |  7 Pagesfrom chronic sleep/wake disruptions include mood disorders such as depression, anxiety, and bipolar disorder as well as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), PTSD, and schizophrenia. Research on the regulation of the sleep/wake cycle has found that proper regulation promotes healthy physical, emotional, and mental resilience, while chronic dysregulation promotes negative thinking as well as physical and emotional vulnerability (Nathan, 2015). Although lack of sleep is often viewed as justRead MoreBiological Explanations for Anorexia Nervosa Psychology2938 Words   |  12 PagesBiological explanations for anorexia nervosa Biological explanations for anorexia nervosa include neural explanations and evolutionary explanations. 1st BIOLOGICAL EXPLANATION - Neurotransmitters -Serotonin Disturbances in the levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin appear to be a characteristic of individuals with eating disorders. Kaye 2005 found a reduction in the levels of the serotonin metabolite 5-HIAA in people with eating disorders. This suggests that brain serotonin pathways are underactiveRead MoreAdolescence and Early Adulthood Essay1731 Words   |  7 Pageschanges that take place during adolescence, but it does not always mean that it is an unpleasant time in the lives of humans (Santrock, 2011). As children enter adolescence they will experience neurological, hormonal, and physical changes. It is also important to consider the psychosocial development of adolescents and how it can be influenced by these biological changes as well as the environment that the adolescent is experiencing. Many of the changes that adolescents experience are the resultRead MoreBiological Psychiatry1203 Words   |  5 PagesReferences 1. Spencer S, Xu L, Clarke M, Lemus M, Reichenbach A, Geenen B et al. Ghrelin Regulates the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis and Restricts Anxiety After Acute Stress. Biological Psychiatry. 2012;72(6):457-465. In this article, Spencer et. al. observed the effect of the presence of endogenous Ghrelin on anxiety behaviour in mice. This data was obtained by running wild type and Ghrelin knockout-mice through a series of anxiety behaviour tests, as well as treating the knockout mice withRead MoreApply Dsm-Iv to William Styron Essay1548 Words   |  7 Pagesactivities that he used to enjoy. He wonders how his friendly place seemed so hostile and forbidding. As a writer it felt helpless and painful to him when he found out â€Å"the writing becomes more difficult and exhausting, finally ceased† because depression has made him unable to concentrate. Styron’s statement of â€Å"two or three hours of sleep I was able to get at night† indicated that he suffered from insomnia and the everyday sleepless was â€Å"a rare torture† to him. It was clear that his insomnia evolvedRead MoreMental Illnesses Explored : Schizophrenia1450 Words   |  6 PagesLarge amounts dopamine is the oldest and most widely accepted theory of the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and stems from identification of dopamine D2 receptor blockade as the mechanism of action of antipsychotics. Dopamine D2 binding sites are increased in a person with schizophrenia, which contributes to cognitive impairment. The modern day understanding is suggested that a hyperactive mesolimbic and a hypoactive mesocortical dopamine system underlie the po sitive and negative symptoms thatRead MoreThe Process Of Learning Healthy3474 Words   |  14 PagesThe process of learning healthy, functional methods to manage emotional states is a life-long task with key critical periods in early childhood and adolescence. Emotional regulation dysfunction results from a combination of emotional vulnerability that reacts with overly sensitive responses on the part of the patient and an inability to modulate the resulting emotions. Experiences with this type of dysregulation are common, if not typical, of human development and are usually amenable and responsive

Consumer In Service Values And Difference -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Consumer In Service Values And Difference? Answer: Introduction People seek to create identities and realities for themselves, depending on their circumstances and conditions. In this paper, the case of children creating their own social identities through consumption where relations are governed by commodities, in which case, commodities have a symbolic meaning. This is discussed in the context of the article communicator and rational actor side from the Aldridge matrix Discussion According to Aldridge, consumers can be classified based on images based on the western discourse and perception of consumption; based on the Aldridge classification, consumers fall into four main categories of the rational actor, the communicator, the victim, and the dupe, as illustrated in the image below; Consumers fall in the four categories, although the categories are sometimes not distinct. The rational actor consumer is derived in economics where they combine ordered approaches to the process of decision making and motivation marketing by self-interest. Consumers, thus behave rationally as they pursue their self-interest, although capitalization gives people freedom and choices. Victims are consumers that make bad choices due to their irrationality, or lack of objective information, and can be swindled (Greener, Powell Simmons 10); for instance a person that buys into a Ponzi scheme in the hope of making quick millions especially upon hearing that others have made fortunes from the same. The communicator consumer has its roots in anthropology and sociology, where consumption is used as a means to achieving symbolic exchange, where consumption is explained as a symbols exchange between actors that convey messages concerning their identity and lifestyle. Victims are those consumer s that make poor decisions while dupes are consumers that are subject to surveillance and control through consumption that are manipulated from their real needs. This is achieved through marketing engineering to manipulate the feelings and thoughts of consumers through advertising and branded commercial products (Cox 264). In the context of the Nike Kids, the kids the author speaks of, and observes, and who ridicule him for buying old Nike trainers despite having been in the US are essentially being rational communicators. Their life is in shambles, but hey seek to define themselves sociologically and culturally as being urbane, modern, and forward looking, by their aspersion of the old Nike shoes in favor of the more trendy, modern Nike models such as Jordan's. Having seen the modern Nike adverts, no less, they have created an image of themselves, and defined their identity with the ultimate in a luxury product they my never afford, but which allows them to express themselves, and communicate their values and feelings; their social identity. Rationality can also explain the fact that they are dupes, based on clever commercial advertising from Nike, that the newer Nike models are better and ideal, rather than the older functional Nike shoes. Marketers have eroded public space through private interest a s seen in their advertisements where culture has been made into a commodity from which profits can be made, such that culture is commoditized, as exemplified by the New, better, Nike shoes. Yet the author is surprised by this fact, a shoe is functional, and he demonstrates resistance against the commoditization of a shoe to the extent of influencing popular culture. This is his anti-corporate protest as a rational consumer; the kids, however, are victims of the corporate monolith that dupe people with clever marketing; in the process commoditizing culture, as Karl Marx argued (Ellis 155-159). Such consumers are almost powerless to protect their rights against the corporate power that is supposed to be a player in the free market, not a controller of culture Conclusion Consumers can either be rational, communicators, dupes, or victims; the Nike street kids case illustrates communication as a form of consumption in which there is symbolic exchange that enables people (like the street kids), express their identity and lifestyle. The street kids behave rationally on the surface, but below the surface, their reference for the modern Nike shoes is a result of being duped, through commercial branding, a concept well explained by rationality. References Cox, Nancy C. The Complete Tradesman: A Study of Retailing, 1550-1820. , 2016. Internet management. Ellis, Nick. Marketing: A Critical Textbook. Los Angeles: SAGE, 2014. Print. Greener, Ian, Martin A. Powell, accounting Richard Simmons. The Consumer in Public Services: Choice,Values and Difference. Bristol: Policy Press, 2009. Print.

Lab Report Quadrant Sampling Sample

Lab Report Quadrant Sampling Paper The string has also been made sure that it is taut. . The biotic factors of the site is observed, such as whether the area is located in full sun or shade, or whether the soil is moist or dry. 4. An the square of 10 m, measure tapes are put on the ground at right-angles to each other. A pair of random numbers(any number from 1 to 1 0) within the sampling area is used to collect data. The two numbers are used as coordinates to locate a quadrant frame within the area. The first random number gives the position on the first tape while the second number gives the position on the second tape. 5. The species to study is determine ( Mimosa Podia SP. . 6. The presence of the X species (Mimosa Podia SP. ) is observed in the quadrant frame. 7. Steps 4 to 6 are repeated by observing the presence of X species (Mimosa Podia SP. ) in a quadrant frame by picking another 9 random coordinates within the same study area. 8. The number of quadrant where X species (Mimosa Podia SP. Is present or absent from the total of 10 quadrant is recorded. 9. Step 1 to 8 is repeated at a different location of the study site but still using the same random number of coordinate. We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report Quadrant Sampling specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report Quadrant Sampling specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report Quadrant Sampling specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

10 of the Best Free Elementor Themes in 2019 (Plus Performance Tests)

The process of creating a new website can seem daunting, particularly if you have little experience with coding. One solution is to use a page builder like  Elementor to design your site quickly, and customize it fully. If you go that route, however, youll also want a theme that integrates seamlessly with your chosen plugin. With this in mind, lets check out 10 of the best free Elementor themes! 2. SydneySydney demoSydney  is a business-focused theme that provides a wide range of customization features. It puts the tools to create a conversion-driving site right at your fingertips, and is one of the best free Elementor themes for beginners to pick up.Key Features:Offers access to Google Fonts, parallax backgrounds, and social iconsProvides custom Elementor blocks to help build your home pageEnables additional customization with theme options and custom headersIf youre building a new site for your business, Sydneys  front-page Elementor blocks will make the process a breeze. Wha ts more, its extensive customization options help you incorporate your companys branding.3. CustomifyCustomify demoThis theme stays true to its name, as it focuses heavily on customization. With Customify, youll gain access to a header and footer builder, as well as the ability to make visual changes in the customizer.Key Features:Provides dozens of pre-made sites you can import and adapt to your needsIncludes a header and footer builder for extended customizationOffers fast performance with an SEO-friendly designWith five demos built specifically for use with Elementor, youll be able to craft your sites pages quickly and effortlessly. Plus, Customifys additional customization features will help you tweak the demos to fit your needs.4. AstraAstra demoCustomization is key to the Astra theme. In addition to page builder integration, it enables real-time previews in the native WordPress customizer, so you can feel confident in your changes.Key Features:Provides a huge selection of pre- built sites that are optimized for ElementorEnables high performance, by eliminating jQueryIncludes a wide variety of customization settings, including layouts, header options, and moreAstras expansive library of demos makes it one of the best free Elementor themes for any type of site. Pairing one of their pre-built sites for Elementor with the page builder itself will ensure that any additions or changes you want to make are simple.5. ZakraZakra demoZakra is a multipurpose WordPress theme, offering a large range of customization possibilities and starter sites for every niche. The theme is a great combination of modern design, performance, and user-friendliness.Key Features:Comes packed with lots of free demos for all sorts of businesses and purposesIts lightweight and optimized for speedAside from Elementor, it works with all the popular page buildersZakras starter sites are all Elementor-friendly, so pick whichever one you want and youll still be able to customize it via drag-an d-drop. Import the demo in one click and let Elementor do its magic.6. Page Builder FrameworkPage Builder Framework demoWith a name like Page Builder Framework, its no surprise that the next of our best free Elementor themes is all about easy website creation. Flexibility is listed as a top highlight, and the customization process is quite streamlined.Key Features:Built to complement a variety of page builders, including ElementorProvides ease of customization for color schemes, menus, and more in the WordPress customizerOffers high page speeds with minimal bloatBy integrating seamlessly with Elementor (and plenty of other similar tools), Page Builder Framework makes building your site from the ground up easy. Youll have complete control, and endless customization options to explore.7. OceanWPOceanWP demoOceanWP is a highly-popular option. Its scalable enough to work well for both small and large sites. Plus, it offers unique Elementor widgets to give your page builder an added boos t and speed up site creation.Key Features:Provides over 60 demos to base your site onIncludes easy WooCommerce integration for online retailersOffers fast page loading times and built-in SEOOceanWPs Elementor widgets will mean smooth sailing when it comes to creating layouts and content. They make it easy to add functionality to your blog posts, image displays, and even your WooCommerce store.8. HestiaHestia demoHestia offers optimized code for creating clean and modern sites. It also works well with WooCommerce, which means its a useful tool for putting together attractive and functional e-commerce stores.Key Features:Provides a lightweight structure, to get your SEO off on the right footEnables you to preview changes in the live customizer in real timeIncludes demo content to get your site up and running quicklyHestia is another top theme for beginners and development pros. Its flexible, making it useful for all kinds of website projects. Plus, Hestias live customizer works seamle ssly with Elementor to provide near-endless options, and it includes two templates designed from the ground up to be used alongside the page builder (an about our business and a contact us page).9. PhloxPhlox demoFew themes can boast as many Elementor-related features as Phlox. It provides a host of pre-built features that make it easy to set up pages and add individual elements.Key Features:Includes more than 30 exclusive Elementor elementsProvides access to a wide selection of demos and page templatesEnables the creation of compact, optimized pages without any coding requiredPhloxs library of advanced elements provides additional functionality to Elementor, making it easy to add features such as testimonials and Google Maps. This theme includes the tools youll need to build a portfolio site, blog, online store, or business site, with plenty of flexibility on offer.10. GeneratePressGeneratePress demoThe GeneratePress  theme prides itself on high standards of coding and accessibil ity. This keeps it stable and secure, as well as ensuring that almost anyone can browse your site.Key Features:Includes layout controls to customize padding, margins, sidebars, and moreProvides access to more than 10 Elementor-optimized demosOffers a head start on SEO, with high page speedsCombining GeneratePress layout controls with Elementor enables you to customize each of your sites desktop and mobile pages. This simplifies the process of creating a responsive site that adapts well to whatever device its viewed on.11. Rife FreeRife Free demoIf youre hoping to show off your content, Rife Free is a multipurpose theme that can help. Its ideal for portfolios and blogs, and has a one-page option for creating easy-to-navigate sites for small businesses.Key Features:Provides seven ready-to-use designs built for ElementorIntegrates with the Rife Elementor Extensions plugin for additional free templatesOffers access to post grid and writing effect featuresFor creatives, including writers and photographers, Rife Free is an ideal multipurpose theme. Its Elementor Extensions plugin and free demos give you more pre-built elements, so you can avoid any coding.Best Free Elementor Themes: Performance Test ResultsWhile page builders have a lot of merits, theyre fairly heavy plugins. In other words, they can have a tendency to slow down your site. Therefore, its important to opt for a speedy theme to compliment your page builder.Thats why we decided to run a basic performance test on each of the best free Elementor themes weve looked at. To do this, we created a page template with Elementor, and then tested its loading times with each theme using Chrome DevTools.Here are our results:ScoreFirst Meaningful RenderTime to InteractiveNeve693.4s4.1sSydney633.6s5.3sCustomify633.5s4.6sAstra753.3s4.2sPage Builder Framework723.3s3.9sOceanWP643.5s4.8sHestia633.7s4.4sPhlox504.4s7.1sGeneratePress653.3s3.9sRife Free583.6s5.8sThe Score column indicates the overall score assigned during th e test. First Meaningful Render is when the pages main content was completely viewable (in seconds), and Time to Interactive indicates the moment when a visitor would be able to interact with all elements on the page. Wed suggest using this data, along with the features and other considerations discussed above, when choosing the best free Elementor themes.ConclusionWhen it comes to building your website, a page builder can take a lot of the potential stress out of the process. By combining the Elementor plugin and a theme designed to complement page builders, you can get a high-quality site up and running in no time.Do you have questions about the best free Elementor themes weve introduced? Leave them in the comments section below! Here are the best free #WordPress themes that work with #Elementor 🎠¨ @elemntor

Analysis of John Smiths Advertising Campaign Essays

Analysis of John Smiths Advertising Campaign Essays Analysis of John Smiths Advertising Campaign Paper Analysis of John Smiths Advertising Campaign Paper The advertising campaign I chose to look at was for John Smiths. The famous British beer with the No Nonsense attitude, John Smiths is the number one ale brand in the UK, selling over one million pints every day with annual retail sales in excess of i 650 million. High profile marketing, incorporating TV advertising, sponsorships and innovative consumer promotions, has driven John Smiths success to the point where the brands on trade sales total more than its two nearest competitors added together. The brands annual marketing investment, which stands at a record of  £ 20 million, was much to be congratulated by its No Nonsense TV campaign with comedian Peter Kay which dramatises the virtues of a No Nonsense approach to life. The John Smiths advertising campaign with Peter Kay has earned almost 50 advertising and marketing awards to date. More importantly, the advertising has captured the hearts and minds of consumers everywhere helping the brand build on its dominance as the number one ale brand in the UK. For Scottish Courage (the owners of John Smiths), the challenge for its John Smiths brand was to achieve dominance of the ale sector. The objective for 2002 communications was to create a sense of brand ubiquity (maintaining high advertising awareness, increasing spontaneous brand awareness and consideration), make the brand more attractive to younger male drinkers without scaring away older drinkers, and also to strengthen the consumer franchise overall. A requirement was also to make the brand more attractive to the trade to help secure broader distribution. In order to make the share of impact much greater than share of spending, Scottish Courage needed a communications property with high advertising impact that could also be carried below the line. The role of the advertising was to further develop the No Nonsense idea, which had already been successfully introduced in previous campaigns. The premise of No Nonsense ads was to strike a chord with the audience and make ale drinkers feel more comfortable about drinking John Smiths. The key target market was identified as 20 and 30 something men, both existing ale drinkers and prospects. The proposition being No Nonsense Ale for No Nonsense Blokes. TBWA/London developed a creative idea involving comedian Peter Kay in various humorous situations. Televisions reach potential and its ability to generate massive awareness amongst a young male target market were obviously key factors in determining the eventual media mix. In terms of traditional advertising, television secured almost the entire spend, with only limited budgets allocated to press and radio. After ditching Jack Dee as its brand spokesman over 5 years ago, the makers of John Smiths bitter returned to the comedy circuit for a i 20 million advertising campaign starring the up-and-coming stand-up Peter Kay. He is intertextual because he is well known through his comedy programs such as Phoenix Nights. Scottish Courage ended its contract with the old comic (Jack Dee) in 1998 saying John Smiths was so famous it no longer needed a celebrity to endorse it. Instead, the brewer came up with No-nonsense man, a cardboard cut-out of an ordinary bloke shown sipping a pint of John Smiths on a deck chair and in his local pub. Then came theyre biggest and most recent campaign, the biggest ever for the brand, it will continue with the gimmick-free approach for which John Smiths has become famous Peter Kay. Here are three of the six adverts made from the recent John Smiths campaign: Ave It, Wardrobe Monsters and Top Bombing. The other three successful adverts that I will not be looking at were: Snooker, Showstopper and the most recent advert shown on television from John Smiths, Doorstep Challenge. The first ad, titled Ave It, had the narrative opening on a muddy recreation ground with a group of young football players showing off/practising their keepy uppy skills. After each individual demonstration, the player effortlessly passes the ball to a colleague keeping it off the ground, until it reaches the solid figure of Peter Kay. He then promptly boots the ball far away into a neighbouring garden whilst saying Ave it! The ad closes as Peter Kay self-congratulates himself for a moment saying oh yes, then opts for a can of John Smiths over the traditional half-time oranges and the John Smiths slogan No Nonsense appears. This advert clearly represents Peter Kay as a laid back individual as the players before him had been doing all that fancy footwork and he just trumps in and wellies it totally uncontrolled, and he is also proud of himself. He represents himself by the way he speaks and the way he chooses the beer over the oranges is clearly to show the whole idea of a no nonsense lifestyle. The advert is of a sporting genre, which shows us that the intended audience is probably for men above 18. The next John Smiths advert I looked at was one called Wardrobe Monsters. The advert opens with two couples eating together in a restaurant laughing (laid back), Peter Kay being one of the male partners. His mobile phone rings and answers it to find that its the babysitter looking after his daughter. His daughter, Britney, speaks to him on the phone and informs him that she is having nightmares about the wardrobe monsters. He tells her, theres no such thing as wardrobe monsters, its the burglars that brake in through the window thats you want to be worried about. He then ironically says sweet dreams to his daughter than asks for two more beers from the bar without even realising what he has said to his daughter, showing his laid back approach to life. He takes a sip of his pint, then realises that they are all starring at him and says what? Also showing he was being serious about the way he replied to his daughter but comedian towards the audience at the same time. The final image is of a pint of John Smiths and as before its slogan No Nonsense, summing up the whole point of the advert. This advert probably appeals to both male and female audiences as it is concentrating on the non-seriousness of Peter Kays ideas towards parenthood. The final John Smiths advert I looked at from its most recent campaign is entitled Top Bombing. The advert starts in the scene of some sort of diving event e. g. Olympics. Everything comes across to be authentic as we see real diving platforms and pools, a commentator expressing his feelings on the dives, a voice in the background telling the type of dive and judges score, action replays of the dives, and also diagetic sounds e. g. jumping off platforms and the diver hitting the water. First we see a diver from Australia, Darren Croll. He does a spectacular dive involving lots of twists and turns. The commentator says, Oh thats a good dive! Next there is a diver from Canada, Petit. He also does an amazing dive consisting of lots of summersaults, the commentator says oh even better! Then he says, now the favourite John Smith for Great Britain. We then see the image of Peter Kay standing on the platform with his hands in his pockets acting like its nothing to be in the competition. We briefly hear the speaker in the background say what he is about to do, a running bomb. Peter Kay throws himself off the platform, making the water splash everywhere, e ven over the judges. The commentator then says, oh terrific the crowd love it, and so do the judges! He says this as the speaker reads out all of his scores as 10, beating the other two divers by a lot. The commentator finishes by saying, top bombing! Peter Kay climbs up the swimming pool ladder to get out and exposes the top of his bottom and waves to the crowd. Once again showing how laid back and proud he is of his lifestyle. Also as in the other adverts there is an image of a pint of John Smiths beer and the slogan No Nonsense, supporting the idea of the whole advert. This advert would have been aimed at anyone 18+ as it is mainly just mocking the fact that he beat these extremely hard dives by doing a running bomb, which is effortless. To maximise the impact of the investment, Scottish Courage together with Media Vest developed a focused TV buying strategy. A high percentage of the advertising was placed in and around mainly sports programming on the terrestrial channels e. g. Cricket on 4, World Cup and Grand Prix on ITV1, and the various Sky Sports channels. Sports programming offered a good fit with existing John Smiths drinkers TV viewing patterns. John Smiths is involved in a lot of horse racing advertising at the races. John Smiths association with racing dates back to 1959 when the brewers Magnet Ale became the first commercial sponsor in flat racing, entering into an enduring partnership with the nearby racecourse at York. Now re-titled the John Smiths Cup, it is the longest-established flat race sponsorship in Britain. John Smith was just 24 years of age when he purchased a run down brew house in Tadcaster in 1847 eight years after a horse called Lottery had won the first ever Grand National at Aintree beginning a successful brewing heritage that has spanned more than one and a half centuries. John Smiths current list of sponsored races include: The John Smiths Cup at York; The John Smiths Northumberland Plate; The John Smiths Midlands Grand National at Uttoxeter and The John Smiths Stakes at Newbury. The company has a long and successful track record in sports and arts sponsorship including, in the present day: The Fosters British Grand Prix; Kronenbourg 1664 Official Beer of the Open Golf Tournament; The John Smiths Cup at York; Scrumpy Jack official drink of the English Cricket Team and Becks Futures at the ICA. It also fitted well with potential John Smiths drinkers viewing habits (lager drinkers with a no nonsense attitude to life). The strategy provided John Smiths a dominant share of voice within the relevant sports programming context. Research shows that John Smiths enduring association with a no nonsense attitude plays a big part in its appeal to consumers and everything about Peters character reflects this. John Smiths is to sponsor the Grand National meeting in a new three-year multi-million pound title sponsorship agreement. The very first John Smiths Grand National meeting will take place on Thursday 7th Saturday 9th April 2005. The Grand National is the Worlds most famous race, broadcast in over 140 countries with an estimated audience of over 600 million viewers. The three-day meeting attracts 150,000 race goers. This just goes to show the amount of media coverage John Smiths advertising receives. There appears to be a clear understanding of what the advertising is saying about the John Smiths brand shown by all the awards won. This has built over the course of the campaign to date. Endorsement of the statement John Smiths is a humorous and down to earth brand is just one example. Attribution of image statements like is a brand for people like me have increased amongst all age groups. The Peter Kay campaign created massive awareness. It successfully communicated the brands no nonsense positioning in a way that people could really engage with. As a result people feel closer to the brand, which ultimately has had a positive impact on sales. The John Smiths campaign with Peter Kay has achieved massively considering it is only a piece of advertising for a type of ale. The TV commercials have been talked about in offices and pubs across the country, and sayings such as Ave it have entered everyday conversation and discussion. The latest No Nonsense campaign has carried on a strong tradition of memorable and highly successful John Smiths TV advertising. The advertising has resulted in increased awareness and sales. It also won a number of awards including the Creative Circle and Campaign magazines Campaign of the Year 2002. The judges described the advertising as a brilliant campaign that has entered peoples everyday lives while significantly boosting sales and winning fans, plaudits and column inches galore in the process.

An Analysis of the History and Development of Hip Hop Dancing (from Research Paper

An Analysis of the History and Development of Hip Hop Dancing (from late 1960's-1970s) - Research Paper Example The dances majorly consisted of the break dance, rapping and funk styles including locking and popping. It was initiated by African Americans. In fact, the word â€Å"hip† was used by the African Americans way before the evolution of the music and dance. It was performed along the streets, and there were well known promoters of the dance. In giving the whole picture a better view, it involved a lot of creativity that was accompanied by listening to the hip hop music. The manner in which it was carried out in most cases involved getting serious about the dancing which was rather hard to do. At the end of sufficient training, one got ready to enter the circle of performance and do lots of footwork including creating witty things and returning to the outside of the circle. This research also brings it clearly that the development of this dance was in an underground form that had lots of social significance. It, however, was not much appreciated by the outsiders until the media br ought it to the surface. In facilitating this, there was a need for other elements such as mcing, djing driven by the urban culture. Brake dancing was the most known aspect of the dance and was known as b-boying. Introduction Hip hop dance appeared in the United States. It was majorly done by the black Americans and some Latin Americans. It is a fact that the dance was not highly recognized by most people until the media machinery started highlighting it. Among these dances, there was the locking which was begun back in the 1970s. This was associated by Don Campbellock from Los Angels. He attempted to perform and learn how to dance in parties and more specifically, he did the â€Å"funky chicken† at this point in time. B-boying dance was another dancing style of hip hop that featured in these times. More precisely, it took place in 1972 in block parties. There was also the up rocking in the New York streets in the 1960s. This was followed by top rocking. Another style that re quired lots of techniques was the ground rocking. There was no basic training on the dance during these times, but individuals who had instincts for natural movement brought it to the streets. Break dancing was also well known among the dancers who performed it. A majority of the promoters of the dance was known, and most of them were good at the performance. In the early times, that is, 1960s to 1970s, the dance there were competitions held mostly along the streets. Many dances established their names as some of the most well known hip hop dancers across east cost and west cost. Movies that highlighted these dancing styles also promoted the dance and new moves. Theoretical perspective It is assumed that hip-hop is an African dance that developed in the States. This, however, is a misconception baring the fact that its origin also encompasses of Latina Americans. It may also be thought that the dancing style is only associated with the young generation and that it must have begun in the recent past. This research finding nullifies this thinking and gives a clear understanding of the places and year of origin of it. The publication sectors play a big role in ensuring the appreciation of any innovations in the music industry at large. Dance is the most benefited art in this field, especially in the audiovisual means of publication. Hop has always been associated with the ghettos in the United States; this is not a misdirected understanding as its origin, on a wide view, lies there. There are common figures that were associated with t

Lucas-Phelps model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Lucas-Phelps model - Essay Example Government’s interest in stabilising the economy is not only rooted on its political responsibility to control fluctuations in prices but equally to reign-in inflations that is brought about by temporary economic stressors as well. Ensuring the predictability of its economy will strengthen the job market and will also reinforce the collective confidence of the people to the government and its goals. Governments that are heavily involved in its country’s economic activity can, by its regular function, control interest rates that will restrict the liquidity of the market. By introducing temporary tax incentives however can create a situation that will lead to an excess supply of goods which circumstance will similarly bring down prices for that commodity. While enforcing stricter rules and regulation, the government can also influence the supply or the availability of goods in the market that will, in turn, force the prices of that commodity. These controls when implement ed on key economic indicator products such as oil or even wheat are effective tools in stabilising an economy. However, the end-results of these controls are not absolute due to the volatile nature of the economy. There are tangible variables that can be controlled through fiscal policies or through the degree in which laws are enforced but the collective consciousness of the market is very hard to control much less predict. The â€Å"rational expectation hypothesis† or â€Å"theory of rational expectation† posits that in uncertain conditions, the main players—composed of the people—in any economy make decisions based on their perceptions of how economic stressors will affect them (Muth, 1992). Meanwhile, economic agent’s rational expectations revolve around other market forces that would include government intervention, raw materials or input materials availability to create the best possible economic model for the future. Thus, the rational expec tation hypothesis propose that economic predictions based on the correlation of an infinite number of different variables are correct even if individual predictions made on the different variables turn out to be erroneous or inaccurate so long as the expected model holds. The primary reason why stabilisation policies are enforced or applied to a volatile market is to stabilise the economy, if not make it more predictable in order for economic agents to settle. However, if economic agents create an economic model base on the current economic values of economic stressors towards stabilising the economy, the introduction of a new variable from the government base on the â€Å"rational expectation hypothesis† will not make a huge impact. The primary reason for this is that over time, given that the economic agents also need to respond to the economic model they created the economy will eventually stabilise or settle. Cyclical Aggregate Demand Policy defines an economic systemâ₠¬â„¢s fluctuations as far as demands for goods are concerned. Counter cyclical or reversal of the economic system’s demand for goods to force it to follow a different path is not an absolute solution to stabilise prices in particular and stabilise the economy in general. This is especially accurate at full employment since the output of the work force will eventually find its way to mainstream market where its price is subject to market forces. The proposition that stabilisation policies are negated by rational expectati

Contemporary Marketing Issues and Strategic Marketing Essay

Contemporary Marketing Issues and Strategic Marketing - Essay Example (Tapscott; Ticoll, 2003) However while commendable and also desirable, the quest for transparency has its pitfalls also. Within a competitive framework where asymmetry in information comes as an advantage, opening up everything can bring at par the corporate battlefield. Although transparency in financial revelation is not only wanted, it is compulsory, but transparency in marketing strategy can be devastating. Besides, in the ultimate analysis, although a company might bring about transparency, success cannot always be assured. There are chances that plans laid up in the best possible manner can still go haywire. (Tapscott; Ticoll, 2003) In the 21st century we are witnessing the development of strategic alliances and networks in which businesses work in unison towards shared goals and maintain partnership in their operations. Managing of such relationships in the most efficient manner is nearly the solution to success or failure. The preceding is at the core of marketing strategy that has to include the following factors (i) the opening and shutting of strategic windows (ii) the effect of market propellers. (iii) The type of competition within the market place. (iv) The stage of the market or the industry life cycle. (v) The assets and the abilities which the company possesses or is able to readily obtain. Understanding of the all these five factors is vital if efficient long-term marketing strategies are to be advanced that will result in a company establishing a strategic competitive advantage in industries or in product markets. (Proctor, 2000) The current era of informational transparency calls for building marketing strategies through customer relationships and integrating communications across multiple channels. This is driven by the fact that marketing is witnessing a rapid shift of power towards consumer and the management of communication processes was being raised to strategic levels to facilitate in building customer relations and drive business results. Marketers are trying to cope with increasingly tough competition while the cost of acquisition of new customers is rising. Privacy concerns and regulatory acts like 'Do Not Call' legislation gave higher focus on setting up true relationships instead of blindly luring customers with uncertain mass-communication strategies. (Developing Effective Multi-Channel Marketing Strategies) Channel proliferation spawned by new media like websites and e-mail also added channels through which new methods of marketing are surfacing that seek to more efficiently use customer data to filter across target lists, build personalization rules and build marketing campaigns across and within the complete spectrum of media channels available. Therefore the two main constituents of efficient multi-channel marketing are building pertinent offers through personalization and coordinating and management of multiple marketing channels. (Developing Effective Multi-Channel Marketing Strategies) In order to build a consistent and effective multi-channel marketing and Customer Relationship Management -- CRM strategy, the answer lies in integrated solutions. It is through integration that companies are able to restructure CRM and marketing, keeping up a consistent message, leading to more efficient campaigns and increased Return on

Important Attributes Of Body Language Cultural Studies Essay

Important Attributes Of Body Language Cultural Studies Essay An ideal manager avoids adaptors that convey negative meaning e.g. fidgeting or playing with objects to indicate nervousness. Also, an ideal manager effectively utilizes various gestures, which are referred to as kinesics by researchers, to give clues that he / she is actively listening to a conversation or to communicate his / her agreement or disagreement over an argument. Facial expression and eye contact: Facial expressions convey various human emotions and an ideal manager uses facial management techniques to convey right expression at right time. Managers can exhibit confidence and earn credibility by making and maintaining constant eye contact with their audience. Personal space: Although not a direct part of nonverbal communication giving appropriate personal space to a person depending upon his / her preference, liking, gender and age is a key consideration for an ideal manager while trying to project a good image. Touch: At workplace an ideal manager can use touch to communicate nonverbally either in a social context or business context. The professional touch is businesslike and impersonal. The external factors that affect the body language of a manager at work place are: Regional effects: An ideal manager should be aware of the regional interpretations of various body language signals e.g. nodding of head might signal a yes in some regions whereas same gesture may be interpreted as a no in others. Gender effects: The gender of a manager affects the message communicated by his / her body language. Status effects: Body language signals given and interpreted by individuals depend upon the status that the person holds in society or at workplace. Managers at various levels in hierarchy in an organization need to adopt different style of nonverbal communication. Culture effects: The degree and rules of expression of some aspects of nonverbal communication differ across cultures. With increasing globalization a manager should be cognizant of the cultural context of the audience to be able to effectively utilize nonverbal communication. REPORT TEXT TABLE OF CONTENT OVERVIEW Turabian / Chicago style of formatting has been followed while creating this report. Business and managerial communication may be defined as the use of language or graphics in business. While the two important parts of managerial communication viz. written and oral communications take center stage, managers tend to overlook nonverbal communication which forms an equally important aspect of their communication. Nonverbal communication may constitute two-thirds or more of total communication. Since nonverbal signals can be very helpful in responding to others and making stronger connections with clients and colleagues they can be used by managers to create an impression about themselves. Body language plays a very important role in our day-to-day business activities. Since a role of manager demands that he / she achieves the goals with or through other people the need for good interpersonal skills becomes increasingly important. Nonverbal communication forms a very important part of interpersonal communication along with verbal and written communication. Mastering nonverbal communication helps manager decode the silent signals of others and align their body language with the attitude they want to project thus gaining a competitive advantage in business. Excelling in nonverbal communication can help manager excel in following areas: Leadership: To be able to influential as a leader it is important for managers to understand the message that employees want to communicate both verbally and nonverbally and to be able to effectively communicate congruently by aligning spoken words with their body language. Negotiation: Acquiring understanding of body language helps manager correctly read between the lines of what people are saying. This can act as an effective tool along with ability to establish credibility using good body language in process of negotiation. Sales: Ability to convey nonverbal cues effectively helps manager sell their ideas and products. Customer service: Understanding customers needs by their nonverbal signals can go a long way in delivering customer delight. Given the importance that nonverbal communication holds in professional life of a manager it is very important to understand various attributes that are associated with body language of an ideal manager and factors that affect the same. This research has been undertaken to analyze these attributes and their impact on communicating nonverbal cues effectively by a manager. This report outlines the analysis of these attributes and factors and draws some conclusions that will be helpful for managers to understand how they can effectively incorporate nonverbal communication at workplace. PROBLEM STATEMENT AND SCOPE The purpose of this research is to identify and analyze: What are the attributes that affect the body language of a manager? How can a manager effectively incorporate nonverbal cues to align body language with verbal communication? What are the external factors that affect nonverbal communication? The scope of this research is limited to: Nonverbal communication at workplace Nonverbal communication for managers RESEARCH ANALYSIS ESSENTIAL ATTRIBUTES OF BODY LANGUAGE OF AN IDEAL MANAGER In the workplace, people can convey a great deal of information without even speaking; this is called nonverbal communication. Nonverbal communication can convey more than written and verbal communication, and human beings read and react to these nonverbal signals in the workplace. As per the cited study by Prof. Albert Mehrabian of UCLA, words, tone of voice and body language account for 7%, 38% and 55% of personal communication. Body language is kind of nonverbal communication that involves body movement and gestures, which communications researchers call kinesics. There are numbers of possible signs that can be communicated through body movements and gestures. In addition to body movements and gestures, the nonverbal cues can be expressed through facial expressions and eye contact, personal space, and touch, influence individual interactions in the workplace. In present dynamic business scenario, the quality of a good Manager seeks to communicate effectively through Non Verbal cue s i.e. body movements and gestures, facial expression etc. Body movement and gestures: Movement and gestures are key components of body language. Gestures or movements of the head, hands, arms, and legs can be used to convey specific messages that have important linguistic translations.Here are some helping tips to use gestures and movement effectively: How to stand: One should stand with feet shoulder-width apart, knees relaxed. Body weight should be evenly distributed on both feet. Nervous pacing or shifting of one foot to other needs to be avoided. Stand up straight. Ones shoulders should be back and his/her head held high so he/she can make eye contact. This particular posture shows confidence and helps one breathe more fully. What to do with your hands: Hands always need to place in the neutral position, hanging loosely at both sides, so they will be available for natural gestures. Both arms folded across the chest is a universal gesture that signifies defensiveness or negativity. It signals an attempt to hide from an unfavourable situation. It can also signify disagreement, discontentment or discomfort. An ideal Manager should always be aware of these facts. Hands in pockets to be avoided since it can lead to a sloppier posture. Hands should be empty. Hand gesture can be used in conveying many important messages. If one must hold something (notes or the PowerPoint remote), he must be aware of what he is doing. One must not point at the audience. How to Use Gestures: Gestures can help in communicating ones ideas and a little goes a long way. Use of a variety of smooth, deliberate and natural gestures supports and visually illustrates a Managers message very effectively to audiences. A relaxed posture while walking or during a meeting always needs to be maintained. Relaxed posture indicates one is comfortable in his/her surroundings and not under stress. Even if in a stressful work atmosphere, one Managers calmness and relaxed posture help others around to feel more comfortable and to have more faith in his abilities to lead and delegate responsibilities. In workplace, it is often common that we offer handshake when we are introduced to a new individual. Handshake is a gesture of welcome: The interlocking of palms signifies openness and the touching signifies solidarity. The styles of handshakes are generally governed by the attitudes of a person, namely a) Dominance b) Submission c) Equality. For a manager, it is important ge nerally in a workplace, he goes with the equality attitude. Researchers also categorize certain nonverbal behaviours called adaptors, which are typically unconscious behaviours and are used when a person is tense or anxious. Examples of adaptors are adjusting ones clothes, biting ones nails, cracking of knuckles, or fidgeting and toying with an object. These indicate to others that a person is upset or nervous, and such kind of behaviour during a meeting with a co-worker may be interpreted very negatively. A Manager engaged in such behaviour may be seen as preoccupied or anxious. Gestures and movement provide the visuals that accompany your words. Learning to use them effectively helps to convey ones message with confidence and the audience will see the message instead of just hearing it. But use any gesture that is irrelevant to the message is strictly not recommended. Facial expressions and eye contact: Facial expressions and eye contacts are types of nonverbal communication that go very closely with body language and can have an noticeable effect on business relations. Researchers have found that people can identify with great accuracy seven separate human emotions, even after seeing only facial and eye expressions: sadness, happiness, anger, fear, surprise, contempt, and interest. Therefore, without speaking a word, a facial expression can convey a great deal of information to others. The face is the primary source of emotions. Similarly, eye contact or lack of eye contact can also indicate a persons attitudes and emotions. There are hundreds of languages in the world, but a smile speaks them all. A simple smile can make others feel more at ease where a frown can make people see that one is aggressive or unsure of something. We use facial expressions to get our points across in the right context. For example, your message would suffer if you were saying how angry you are with a hu ge smile. Similarly use of positive facial expression with a genteel smile becomes very effective while a Manager tries to convince one of his clients. Eye movement is a key part of facial behaviour because the eyes are invariably involved in facial displays.When someone talks to you, do they look directly at you or look away? Maintaining eye contact when talking (or listening) to someone gives an impression that one is confident and honest. Making little eye contact gives a different kind of impression, like one is nervous or shy. The direct stare of the speaker can show candour or openness. Downward glances are generally associated with modesty; eyes rolled upwards are conveyed as a sign of fatigue. Personal space: Researchers use the term proxemic to describe the way that a person uses space in communication. Each individual has a personal space, which is like an invisible bubble surrounding them. This bubble becomes larger or smaller, depending on the person with whom we interact. We are comfortable standing or sitting closer to someone we like and standing or sitting at a distance with someone we dislike or dont know well. However, the amount of personal space that a person desires depends on many characteristics, including culture, situation, closeness of relationship, gender and age. One can use physical space to communicate many different nonverbal messages, including signals of intimacy, aggression, dominance, or affection. The most important observation one can make about a room full of people is the personal space each person commands. Human nature dictates that people considered more powerful are typically awarded greater personal space by the other people in the room. Research data s hows that, while interacting with friends, relatives, or conducting casual business, most people prefer a distance of one and a half to four feet. When conducting formal or impersonal business, most individuals prefer a personal space of 4 to 8 feet. Therefore, a person is likely to be more comfortable standing closely to a trusted co-worker than to a new customer. A good Manager must be aware of these kinds of behaviours to effectively convey his/her position and authority. Touch: In the workplace, people may use touch to communicate nonverbally. The functional-professional touch is business-like and impersonal. The social-polite touch, such as a handshake, is much more common. This type of touch is used to recognize other individuals. It is an expected touch in many business settings. Finally, the friendship-warmth touch shows how one treats another as a person. A pat on the back or a hug is a friendship-warmth touch. In most workplaces, the social-polite touch is the only necessary touch, and most Managers are encouraged to avoid the friendship-warmth touch in the workplace. Many people see a hand on a shoulder or a pat on the back as a useful touch to convey encouragement or concern for anothers well-being. Finally, personal space and touch are used differently in different nations. Americans tend to prefer larger amounts of personal space than do some Indians, Latin Americans, Italians, and Middle-Easterners. Germans, Chinese, and Japanese prefer larger am ounts of personal space, similar to what Americans prefer. Thus, when conducting business with people from other cultures, it is important to understand and respect their personal space needs. EXTERNAL FACTORS THAT AFFECT NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION Regional effects: Â  People across the world recognize a set of common gestures. For an ideal manager, this is a great boon as there is no huge task of ensuring that his/her non-verbal cues are not misinterpreted. It is however important that the ideal manager is aware of the differences of meaning. For example, research shows that the shoulder shrug is a universal gesture. It means that the person who makes the gesture does not know whatever was asked for him. Gestures like clapping would mean calling somebody or could mean just plain applause. Although greetings change cross different countries, there are number of features which are common: Close Proximity, direct orientation, eyebrow flash, smiling, mutual gaze, body contact, presenting the pal,- either visibly or for shaking. Similarly, gestures that denote emotions are very similar across cultures. Gender effects: The gender also decides the interpretation of gestures. For a male manager if he is in doing a presentation, with his hands in his pockets, it will be seen as gesture which shows his nervousness or insecurity. However the same gesture when a woman does, it is interpreted as aggression. Status effects: Research studies have shown that high-ranking officials resort to fewer gestures than their subordinates. The less educated rely more on gestures than on communication based on words. Culture effects: Different cultures have different interpretations of nonverbal cues. Moreover, an acceptable gesture in one culture might be considered as an offensive one in another culture. Hence, it becomes very important to take into consideration the cultural context of the audience while trying to use nonverbal communication. An ideal manager, equipped with knowledge of culture effects on body language, can effectively use nonverbal cues to communicate with target audience. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Body language constitutes 55% of the person communication of a manager. The image projected of an ideal manager is the sum total of various attributes of his non verbal communication; body movement, eye contact, touch and personal space. There are variations in the body language of a manager, depending on the set environment and sex. In spite of these extraneous influences, it is possible to identify some typical behavioral patterns that define his/her personality in positive and negative way. Many researches and observation have provided some standards for the observable attributes of the body language of an ideal manager. Body language of a manager is an integral part of communication across businesses and regional settings. There are some expected/favored attributes that can be developed to project an ideal image of a manager. Though these non-verbal communications are in a way natural reflection of overall social and educational upbringing of a being, these can be developed as well. The study of body language is a developed science and provides sufficient aids to a keen learner. There are some regional, status and gender influences on the body language and these distinctions are imperative to be known to managers communicating with wide range of people across geographies and culture. APPENDIX RESEARCH DATA Sketch of personality of the manager as defined by his / her body language: Nonverbal Message/Body Language Typical Interpretation Making Direct Eye Contact Self-Confident, Assertive, Friendly, Sincere Avoiding Eye Contact Nervous, Evasive, Indifferent, Passive Erect posture (head up, shoulders back) Self-confident, Assertive Smiling Contended, Understanding, Encouraging Clenching hands Nervous, Anxious, Fearful Shaking Head Disagreeing, Shocked, Disbelieving Biting the lip Worried, Anxious Raising eyebrows Disbelieving, Surprising Folding arms Defensive, Disagreeing Open arms Receptive Leaning forward Attentive, Interested Patting on the back Encouraging, Congratulatory, Consoling Fidgeting Impatient, Nervous Chin Stroking Making a decision Slouching in seat Bored, Uninterested Eye roll Dismissive gesture that indicates superiority Tilted to one side Showing interest Scratching the head Bewildered REFERENCES Kurien, Daisy. 2010. Body Language: Silent Communicator at the Workplace. The IUP Journal of Soft Skills, Vol. IV, Nos. 1 and 2: 29-36 Zhou, Hui and Zhang, Tingqin. 2010. Body Language in Business Negotiation. International Journal of Business and Management, Vol. 3, No. 2, http://www.ccsenet.org/journal /index.php/ijbm/article/viewFile/1680/1588 (accessed 18 August 2010): 90-96 Dumbrava, Gabriela and Koronka, Adriana. 2009. Actions Speak Louder Than Words Body Language in Business Communication. Annals of the University of PetroÃ…Å ¸ani, Economics, 9(3): 249-254

Abraham & Isaac Essay

In this classical piece of art, there is a connection with the biblical story of Abraham abiding to God’s command. Abraham is commanded to sacrifice his one and only son. â€Å"Take your son, your only son Isaac, whom you love, and go to the land of Moriah, and offer him there as a burnt-offering on one of the mountains that I shall show you.† (Genesis 22:1-2) And so the picture depicts the last moments of Abraham and his son, where Abraham is about to make the greatest sacrifice; therefore, God sends down an Angel to stop him and bless him afterwards for showing great faith. â€Å"Because you have done this, and have not withheld your son, your only son, I will indeed bless you, and I will make your offspring as numerous as the stars of heaven and as the sand that is on the seashore†¦ said the Lord† (Genesis 22:15) See more: Recruitment and selection process essay By analyzing the painting, we can distinguish the characters and determine the setting, harmonizing with the story of Abraham sacrificing Isaac. First, there are three important characters in the painting that are drawn in great detail. The first character we can identify is Abraham who is in the center of the picture, where all the action is happening. We can tell that Abraham is the one who is holding the knife in his dominant hand ready to make sacrifice, with Isaac on the table. The main character Abraham, is wearing bright colors of red and purple, known to be royal colors and revered. Abraham is also clothed fully from top to bottom showing little skin. The Angel in the background is wearing a bright white garment clothed from top to bottom. We can tell that the Angel is advising Abraham because Abraham’s attention is towards this Angel. We know this is an angel who came down from heaven because of the white wings on its back and how it is levitating from the ground. And know that Isaac is on the table because of how young he looks and little he is clothed. I also identified how innocent they are by observing the skin tone in each character. Abraham is the darkest because of his life experience and coming of old age, the Angel has a mild tone after Abraham, and then there is Isaac who is palest of them all. I also interpreted their level of maturity by the color of their hair. Abraham being the oldest having white hair, the Angel having mild brown hair, and Isaac being the youngest with healthy dark, black hair. Looking at the position of the characters we can also depict the hierarchy levels in each character. Angel remains on the highest ground, then Abraham, and then Isaac. I find it particularly interesting to find the lamb being on higher grounds than Isaac, this could be to show the importance of this animal that is chosen to be sacrificed for God. Before Abraham is to make his sacrifice, he kneels before the wooden altar staying close to his son. We can pick up senses that the father has a loving relationship for his son. There are also emotions in these characters. Abraham exhibits sadness and worry in his facial expression. Isaac has a helpless, sad expression, where he knows his end will come by his own father’s hands. What I find amusing the most is that in this painting, Isaac may have knew he was going to be the sacrificial lamb. I believe Isaac knew from the point when he asked his father where the lamb for burnt-offering was. I conclude that he knew of this because the way he is tied up. Isaac is not tied up by the feet, nor is his hands tied to the table. If Isaac really wanted to run away he could’ve easily done so. Instead Isaac accepted the fact that he was going to be sacrificed and so he did not struggle. Next, the scenery helps us identify the setting of the biblical account on Abraham sacrificing Isaac. The picture background clearly identifies that the sacrificing takes place in a mountain. In the background there is large land below their elevation noting how high this is taking place. With the details in the picture we can tell that the setting took place in a dark shady area. This picture also exhibits the time of season, around the time of fall because there are missing leaves on the branches. On the right bottom corner there is moss growing on rocks, and moss only grows in moist and shady areas. With the details of the moss and dark colors we can get a sense of dark atmosphere of something is not right in the picture. The location of the sun and the angle of the shadow on the land below do not correspond with each other. The area where it’s brightest above the Angel’s finger can actually represent God or the Heavens above. The sun should be more towards our left in front of the characters where the light shines on the tree and the characters. Also the branches and the angle of this painting show that it is pointing to the West. I can only conclude that the reason to pointing to the West has to do something with the sun rising in the West and setting in the East. Even the Angel and the lamb are looking to the West while Abraham and Isaac is the only one in the picture looking to the East. In conclusion, I can speculate from the details in the painting that it interprets the biblical text of the Lord testing Abraham to sacrifice his own son. This painting exhibits a theme of fear. Abraham fears the Lord and so he chooses to pursue God’s command by free will. Isaac displays fear in his facial expression but does not struggle for his life.

Planning and managing Essay

I believe Life is all about planning and managing. The study of management enables aspirants to learn the management and planning techniques that evolved with the human civilization and enables a devotee to take his/her innate capabilities to a higher degree. Being a person with a dream of becoming a business-lady one day, I want take the opportunity to learn the techniques that will help my qualities improve exponentially. I have been associated with Information Technology for more than Eight years now. I completed my graduation in Information Technology. I realized my passion for Technology during the initial days of my graduation program. I am a quick learner and I am passionate about technology. Hence, during my graduation program I planned to use my private time to attend computer programming courses in order to maintain a competitive knowledge of technology. I learned many programming languages, development phases of a software, managing and scheduling resources during my college days. Being a quick learner I used to keep myself updated with all the programming techniques and at the same time I used to help my classmates as well to gain programming knowledge. Right after my graduation, I was eager to join a cutting-edge technology company and make a mark as a professional in this booming, dynamic industry. Through college placement, I have got an excellent opportunity to work with Patni Computer System. During the initial learning program at Patni computer systems, I have got exclusive opportunities to start my career and master my software development skillls. This comprehensive program helped me gain knowledge in Product Development Life Cycle, Case Study Implementation and Project Integration courses, inter-cultural effectiveness workshops, and additional technical training specific to the needs of our client partners. After completing the training program, I have got an excellent opportunities to work with clients i. e. GE Money who offer a variety of medium- or large-sized projects. Here my actual professional life started. Initially I was working as a developer in the team during this phase of my life I learn t many important things at professional level. Being a fresher I tried to gain as much as knowledge I can and always given successful deliveries to the client without a single defect. At GE Money account level I also worked in fun at work committee and organized many events. I had also taken initiative to conduct knowledge sharing sessions in my team which helped my entire team to update their knowledge at technology as well as account level. Also, received an appreciation from my project manager and my on site-co-ordinators for the same. Currently I am working with TATA consultancy services, one of the largest India-based IT Company. While working with TCS I have got an opportunities to work with major clients like Bank of America and CIBC. Being a quick learner I have gained good knowledge in banking domain with these two clients. At account level, I have suggested and implemented many ideas to automate the system which helped my team members to improve the quality of their deliverables without getting delayed in time. I have learnt the Banking system so well that i also started giving trainings and mentoring freshers as well as new joinees. I was also recognized as one of the best mentor in my Team by my Project Manager and team members. After gaining good experience at technology level i have started handling a team of around seven people individually. While performing Team Leader Role i have come across many challenges and I also learnt many leadership attributes like Relationships, Team Building, decision making, dealing with difficult people, planning, goal setting etc. I also hope to equip myself with advanced analytical tools and techniques that will foster managerial efficiency in me. Hence, MBA-EX. program becomes essential towards achieving critical goals at this juncture of my career. M. B. A program will enable understanding at greater level of business complexity. The specialization in IT will help me learn a range of techniques for managing customer relationships, product positioning and new product development,. The culture of teamwork during the MBA program will definitely help me strengthen my team skills in a cross-national environment. This will provide significant opportunities for professional and personal development – to learn from â€Å"The Best of The Best† and set new benchmarks for growth.

How Frosts, Freezes, and Hard Freezes Differ

How Frosts, Freezes, and Hard Freezes Differ Just as  the sprouting of tender green leaves is considered one of  the  first signs of spring,  the first frost of the cool season signals that fall has officially settled in  and that  winter isnt far behind. How Frost Forms Look for frost to form when these atmospheric conditions are present: clear nighttime sky conditions,at or below freezing air temperatures at the surface, andcalm winds (speeds less than 5 mph (1.6 km/h)). Clear skies and calm winds allow for daytime heating to escape the Earths surface. This heat out into the upper atmosphere and outer space. Whats known as a temperature inversion layer forms (temperatures increase rather than decrease as one travels upward in the air), and allows cold air to settle near the ground. As the ground temperatures cool to below freezing, what water vapor resides in the air ices up onto exposed surfaces thus forming frost. The terms frost  and freeze  are usually  mentioned together, however,  they describe two very  different happenings. Freezes Imply Lows Near 32 F A freeze means that widespread temperatures are expected to fall to or below the freezing mark (32  °F). A hard freeze implies that widespread temperatures are forecast to fall below freezing (most NWS offices use 28  °F as the threshold criteria) for long enough to seriously damage or kill seasonal vegetation. For this reason, hard freezes have earned the monicker killing frosts. A hard freeze usually occurs when a cold air mass moves into an area and brings temperatures of  32 °F or below. This  freezing cold air is often blown by winds, or  advected,  into an area, and may, therefore, be associated with light or variable wind speeds.   Frosts Imply Lows Near 32 F and Moist Ground Air Frost, on the other hand, has to do with  the formation of ice crystals on the ground and  on other surfaces. It occurs  in the absence of wind, and the  freezing  temperatures are the result of radiational cooling.  Whereas freezes have to do with air temperature alone, any weather alert having to do with frost not only implies that temperatures are expected to be 33 to 36  °F, but also that the amount of moisture residing in the air at these temperatures is adequate for frost formation near the surface.  Ã‚   Can a Freeze Occur Without Frost Forming? Yes, freezes can happen even if a frost doesnt. This seems odd since it takes colder temperatures (at least 32 degrees) to get a freeze. It seems like youd get a frost (which requires temperatures of 33 to 36 degrees) first. It would make sense that moisture would frost before freezing except that frost is less likely to form when the dew point temperature falls below the mid-20s. This is because, at such cold temperatures, there just isnt enough moisture in the air for significant frost formation despite the fact that cold enough temperatures are in place to support it. Frost Freeze Weather Safety The majority of individuals dont notice frost, except when it forms on their  car windows  and  delays their morning departure by several  minutes time. However, agriculturists and farmers consider  it is a critical weather event. This is because  most plants (except a few varieties that  actually need a hard freeze to coax seeds into germination)  are extremely sensitive to it. A frost too early,  or too late,  in the growing season can result in crop failure and a shortage of food supply. There are a number of ways to protect against frost damage, including: Cover  plants. When plants are covered, frost can settle on a barrier rather than on the vegetation directly. For this reason, plants not in direct contact with the covering material have the highest level of protection. Woven fabrics, such as sheets, work best and can offer 2 ° to 5 °F of added warmth. Potted plants should be covered or brought indoors.Irrigate  the soil and plant leaves  before the frost arrives.  This might sound strange considering water will freeze when the  temperature drops, but rest assured there is a method to this madness.  Moist soil is capable of holding up to four times more heat than dry soil. Likewise, if fruit trees have begun their yield, spraying the outside skin with water can actually help keep internal temperatures above freezing by allow the outside to freeze and create an insulating barrier.Keep plants watered to fight off drying from cold winds.Bring pets indoors whenever extreme cold is expected.Cover exposed pipes and outdoor faucets to discourage freezing. When to Expect Your First Frost/Freeze To find the average date of the first fall (and last spring) frost for your area, use this  frost and freeze data product, courtesy of the  National Climatic Data Center.  (To use, choose your state, then locate the city nearest you.)

Free Essays on Religious Experience

There are many ways to categorize religion experiences, they can be viewed as episodes out of the ordinary or as a message from the all mighty. A religious experience can be encounter through perceptions, sensations and any type of illusions or dreams. A religious experience can also be considered to have a interconnection with ones experiences, adjoined by a religious belief. Meaning that it could be refereed to any joyful event or any frightful moment that a person might view in a religious context. However, there can be many ways of observing our perceptions of life. Some people may live their lives according to the way they were brought up, while others may take life easy. Some people also live out their days in a way that they believe that God will reward them. Perhaps because of some past experience they have came upon. They begin to live out a new life, a lfe that begins to shape into God's. According to christianity and other religions practices god is always a part of our li ves and trying to communicate in any unpredictable forms. A religious experienceis an extraordinary spiritual occurrence that connect us with god. It is related to episodes that we encounter in our lives. This is a interconnection of one's experience, adjoined by a religious belief. Meaning that it could be any joyful event or any fearful moment that a person might view in a religious dependence. For instance, perceptions, sensations, illusions and dreams, that we discover in our impression, plays an important role in having discover this experience. The perception is grasping all existence around us according to events objects, people and other aspects of the world. There are many ways of viewing our perceptions of life. We perceive awareness with our sense such as seeing, hearing, tasting, feeling, smelling, Through perception we are able to belive that in the end of our path we will have someone waiting for us, someone who will lead us to a better place f... Free Essays on Religious Experience Free Essays on Religious Experience There are many ways to categorize religion experiences, they can be viewed as episodes out of the ordinary or as a message from the all mighty. A religious experience can be encounter through perceptions, sensations and any type of illusions or dreams. A religious experience can also be considered to have a interconnection with ones experiences, adjoined by a religious belief. Meaning that it could be refereed to any joyful event or any frightful moment that a person might view in a religious context. However, there can be many ways of observing our perceptions of life. Some people may live their lives according to the way they were brought up, while others may take life easy. Some people also live out their days in a way that they believe that God will reward them. Perhaps because of some past experience they have came upon. They begin to live out a new life, a lfe that begins to shape into God's. According to christianity and other religions practices god is always a part of our li ves and trying to communicate in any unpredictable forms. A religious experienceis an extraordinary spiritual occurrence that connect us with god. It is related to episodes that we encounter in our lives. This is a interconnection of one's experience, adjoined by a religious belief. Meaning that it could be any joyful event or any fearful moment that a person might view in a religious dependence. For instance, perceptions, sensations, illusions and dreams, that we discover in our impression, plays an important role in having discover this experience. The perception is grasping all existence around us according to events objects, people and other aspects of the world. There are many ways of viewing our perceptions of life. We perceive awareness with our sense such as seeing, hearing, tasting, feeling, smelling, Through perception we are able to belive that in the end of our path we will have someone waiting for us, someone who will lead us to a better place f...

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 18

Marketing - Essay Example Studies have shown the increased rate of smokers among the population especially among the youth. â€Å"Smoking kills around 114,000 people in the UK each year.† (Petrie 2007). It is where the relevance of the product and the topic under study lies. The topic is chosen in order to analyze the prospects of the company by launching the product. The final report is in the form of a report addressed to the top level executives of the company. The report is intended to conduct a study in detail about the marketability of ‘smokers’ choice’. The product aims to carve a niche of the health product market through the launch of smoker’s choice. Therefore, the report studies in detail the average smokers in the population, the market position of the toothpaste, the customer acceptability, etc. It is a report that uses standard statistical tools for the data analysis and interpretations. The primary aim of this report is a market study. The report is intended to study the market and to make required changes in the strategies if needed. This is a company project and the organization is going to benefit by knowing its market and market position. The tooth paste ‘smoker’s choice’ is launched by the company named Oral Care Plc. â€Å"The oral care market is worth $7.5 billion at retail and headed for $8.9 billion by 2012.† (Oral care products on the U.S. 2007). The tooth paste is the main product of the company at present. The product is aimed at conquering dual markets, the health care and the personal care sector. The tooth paste is very effective in whitening the teeth. But the main feature of the product is that it helps to stop the smoking habits of the people. The mouth after being brushed with smokers’ choice brings a bad taste when it comes in contact with smoke thus helping the people to stop the smoking habit. The toothpaste will keep this effect in the mouth for 18 hours. Even though the product belongs to the

Pennsylvania's Long Term Care Facilities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Pennsylvania's Long Term Care Facilities - Essay Example Although these care facilities had been designed to provide care that provided more care available in private homes and less than that available in the hospitals, persons living in long-term care facilities are still the victims of physical, emotional, sexual, or financial abuse (Tatara, 1993). Neglect of the residents in that sense legally construes abuse. In this assignment, abuse and neglect in Pennsylvania's long term care facilities will be critically examined from the point of view of exploring the causes and status of it in the state of Pennsylvania and what law can do to prevent it. To this end, it is imperative to have the legal definitions of these terms need to be established first for the reader's benefits (Underwood, 2005). Caretaker: Under schedule 10225.103 of Pennsylvania Law means an individual or an institution that has assumed the responsibility for the provision of care needed to maintain the physical and mental health of an older adult. This responsibility may arise in several conditions. It may arise voluntarily, by contract, by receipt of payment in lieu of care provided, out of family relationship, or by the order of court of competent jurisdiction. This act, however, mentions that it does not intend to impose responsibility on any individual who is not legally responsible for such (National Research Council, 2003). Older Adult: Most of the older adults are residents of long-term care facilities. The same Pennsylvania law defines an older adult to be a person within the jurisdiction of the Commonwealth who is 60 years old or older than that. Therefore, older adult who is in need of protective services would be an incapacitated adult who would be unable to perform activities or obtain services that are necessary to maintain psychological and physical health and wellbeing, for whom there is no responsible caretaker, making him vulnerable to the imminent risks of danger to his person or property (National Research Council, 2003). Abuse: Under the same section of law and also under section 672, abuse is defined as one or more of the following acts. These include infliction of injury, unreasonable confinement, intimidation, and/or punishment that may result into physical harm, pain or mental anguish. This may also include the willful deprivation by a caretaker or caretaker organization of goods or services that are necessary for maintenance of physical or mental health. Moreover Protection from Abuse act, 1976, also includes in this category acts of sexual harassment, abuse, or rape. However, the law excludes the grounds of uncontrollable environmental factors such as housing, furnishings, income, clothing, and medical care (National Research Council, 2003). Neglect: In this law, neglect means the failure to provide for self or failure of the care provider to provide goods or services essential to avoid a clear and serious threat to physical and mental health. As per this law, however, no older adult who does not consent to the protective services shall be found to be neglected solely on the grounds of environmental factors which are beyond the control of the older adult or the caretaker, such as, inadequate housing, furnishi

Emirates Customer service management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Emirates Customer service management - Essay Example KIS uses the company database to understand their customers through the records of their previous travels. KIS enables the cabin to know the seating preference and wine. The information is also used by the company to segment and target thus enhancing focusing and personalization of the services given to customers. The Business Rewards and Emirates Skyward and are some of the loyalty programs that Emirates Airlines has on offer. These loyalty programs are integral for repeat sales as they create lock-in systems as customers prefer to get stuck with airlines that promise rewards. The contact centers of the Emirates Airline also remain one of the integral points of expressing their heartfelt concern for the wellness of their customers. The contact centers of the airline have received great reviews from plaudits due to their flawless response to bookings, baggage claims, and complain (Ahamad 4-5) The customer service of Emirates airline is focused on creating value and delivering satisfaction to their customers (Squalli 139). The company has managed to achieve these objectives through focusing and personalizing the services they offer customers. Engraved in the company’s overall strategy is their deep concern for their esteemed customers. The company has installed a work culture that gives the workers the sense of urgency while dealing with the customers. The workforce of Emirates Airline boosts an impressive 50,000 dedicated employees. The company has devised a comprehensive plan of ensuring that their customer service targets synchronize with the training of their workforce (O’Connell 10). According to the Executive Vice Chairman of the airline, Maurice Flanagan, the company selects the best workforce and gives them avenues to increase knowledge and skill. ` The company has used International Computer Driving License (ICDL)

Paul Mahajan Rupinder Khabra Discussion Essay Example for Free

Paul Mahajan Rupinder Khabra Discussion Essay Briefly discuss the requirements for effective MRP. The requirements for an effective MRP are having accurate master schedule, inventory records, and bill of materials. If these inputs are not accurate it will be impossible to have accurate MRP results. The results of the MRP are requirements for end items into time-phase requirements for subassemblies, components, and raw materials. So this shows why the accuracy of our inputs is of utmost importance. If we get the accurate inputs then we get accurate outputs. The outputs of MRP can be changes, order releases, planned-order schedules, inventory transaction, performance control reports, and planning reports. 12. 13 Contrast planned-order receipts and scheduled receipts. Planned-order receipts are the quantity expected to be received by the beginning of the period in which it is shown. Scheduled receipts are open orders scheduled to arrive from vendors or elsewhere in the pipeline. So we can see that planned order receipts are supposed to arrive before the scheduled period and scheduled receipts are orders that are open and can show up anytime during the scheduled period. Critical thinking exercise 1 I believe Juan Villa should only use those methods if the required data matches the data needed for the EOQ/ROP methods. We need to follow a method that is best suited for that situation. If we have the forecasted demand and the guidelines follow the ones of the EOQ method then we can think about using that method.